upcycling and downcycling. But if you don’t live in Seattle, it’s actually pretty simple to recycle your canisters on your own. upcycling and downcycling

 
 But if you don’t live in Seattle, it’s actually pretty simple to recycle your canisters on your ownupcycling and downcycling  Upcycling is taking pieces of fabric that would not have been

Working with our partners Relay Resources (Portland, OR) and Bobby Dodd (Atlanta, GA), the uniforms are sorted,. Downcycling is a common method for putting old clothes to use around the house, and a sure fire way get maximum use out of your clothing once you no longer want to wear them. Downcycling where the product of the recycled material is of lower quality. However, only techniques for downcycling end-of-life high-pressure membranes are available. Organic vegetable peelings on crumpled wrapping paper. Essentially, upcycling and downcycling are types of recycling. Essentially, the difference between downcycling and upcycling is that downcycling creates a lower-grade version of the same thing and upcycling transforms old materials into a new, different, high-quality item. Black reuse symbols for ecological design, marking, product labeling. By Ann Cameron Siegal. Upcycling & Downcycling. Recycling includes downcycling or destroying waste to use it for something else. The global waste recycling services market was valued at an estimated 58 billion U. | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate. Set of vector recycling, upcycling and downcycling signs, isolated icons on white background. Like if office paper materials create recycled. Both upcycling and downcycling are forms of recycling. Upcycling involves using materials from pre-existing products which have not been broken down or reconstituted, whereas downcycling requires breaking down pre-existing materials first. Downcycling is the term used to describe a recycled product that is not as structurally strong as the original product made from virgin materials. Downcycling consists of recycling the material over and over again, until it loses its quality. Currently, to address the problem of end-of-life plastics, scientific researchers are urgently looking for the future generation of polymers and technologies that contribute to upcycling and closed-loop recycling. When you partner with Looptworks, you join a circular system that’s making a positive impact on our environment. Downcycling is the type of recycling that many people are familiar with, such as recycling paper or plastic. Now a conversion strategy addresses this problem and paves the way to upcycle. Upcycle vs. Though less showy than upcycling, downcycling will extend the life of your garment, in turn reducing the amount of waste in the landfill. **Downcycling. So you wonder, what are downcycling and upcycling doing here? Downcycling and upcycling are actually recycling trends. dollars in 2022. . According to Busch Systems, downcycling is the process in which used and often unused products are recycled and refabricated to produce new items of lesser quality. Examples of downcycling include using a hole-ridden sock as a rag, or stuffing a pillow or dog bed with old t-shirts. But if you don’t live in Seattle, it’s actually pretty simple to recycle your canisters on your own. Existing recycling strategies for managing plastic waste are “downcycling” approaches, meaning that they produce products of lower value compared to the original plastics (or no value at all). This is a more sustainable approach to recycling, as it reduces the need for more resources and energy to produce new goods. Upcycling beskriver den proces, hvor man. A cycle focused on production, recycling, upcycling and downcycling, and therefore hydroponics, composting, biodegradable packaging and biobased products. In situ conservation. Downcycling happens when stuff is recycled to produce new items of lesser quality than the original item. It could become a business for others who sell their crafts online or at local fairs and events. Convert an old briefcase and mount it on the bathroom wall to make a unique cabinet. In brief, upcycling is discussed and already reviewed, for example, as a creative practice (Bridgens et al. A glass bottle. Also, both activities reduce the need for the production of new materials, which means there will be less pollution and carbon emissions produced by manufacturers. It involves protection of larger populations and conservation of organisms and their habitat as a whole. A guide to recycling, upcycling and downcycling. (*)The term upcycling was coined in the late 1990s by Belgian Gunter Pauli and German Johannes Hartkemeyer (and later further developed by McDonough and Braungart in the early 2000s) as opposed to that downcycling, which in the recycling process indicates the conversion of a product’s material into a basic form, often of a. EST. Man-made disasters. 8 kWh can come down to새활용. 4. Upcycling, downcycling and precycling are all variations of recycling which aims to improve efficiency of resource use and minimize landfill waste by ‘closing the loop’. Picture this: After tossing a single-use plastic bottle. Using food waste to create compost is also a form. it was not uncommon to see a broken door. What is Shipping Container Architecture? » Repair Cafe . To build a trash-to-treasure or waste-to-product mindset, the financial and sustainability benefits must be better understood by plastic producers. Downcycling, or cascading, is the recycling of waste where the recycled material is of lower quality and functionality than the original material. Recycling Recycling is the term we are all familiar with, where materials that would usually be thrown into. Downcycling is a process in which used products are refabricated to produce new items of slightly lesser quality. Adaptive Reuse . For example, the paper in a book can be transformed into recycled paper. In the complex and dynamic landscape of metal recycling, the concepts of #Upcycling and #Downcycling play key roles in guiding us towards a better future. Both reusing and repurposing might include both the upcycling and downcycling of materials in some instances Materials That Can Be Re-Used Or Repurposed. "Recycling, he said, "I call it downcycling. The opposite of this process is downcycling, which involves converting discarded products into new materials, with lesser quality and reduced functionality. Increase in contamination of recyclables at recovery. (A Definition) Downcycling is the opposite of upcycling. Knowing the difference between upcycling and downcycling it is clear that using advanced recycling as a method of upcycling healthcare plastics is the most viable option for a cleaner, more sustainable. Brands such as Andrea Crews, Marine Serre, Bode, Patrick McDowell, and Christoph Rumpf are well-known names around the. Unlike upcycling, breaking down materials in a recycling system is emissions intensive and reinforces the unfortunate societal norm that. Upcycling vs Downcycling . A recyclable material is often readjusted, altered, melted. What we need is upcycling where old products are given more value not less. Chemical upcycling: Plastic packaging waste can be converted to value-added chemicals by so-called chemical upcycling. converts the material into something of less value than it originally was. How is upcycled fashion good for the environment? 1. While downcycling implies quality loss the term open-loop recycling denotes a situation where the. Okay, so upcycling is one of our best options. It is a ‘gate to grave’ approach focusing on the end-of-life of printed plastic scrap from converting industry, including waste treatment operations. 56 g of PVC and 5. 60 g of PET were converted into 4. – Primary, secondary and tertiary recycling. Whilst upcycling or downcycling are both examples of recycling, there are clear distinctions between the various ways we can reuse waste. Individual carbon audits, pledges to curb single-use plastics, upcycling and zero-waste lifestyles are being touted as solutions, while petrochemical industries continue with business as usual. In the upcycling vs. The degradation of nonrecoverable plastic wastes is another necessity to treat the omnipresent pollution. The concept is that many “recyclable” materials slowly break down with each recycling iteration. Landfilling of textile waste is a prevalent option that is deemed unsustainable. Green Upcycle text and arrow icon pointing up. And okay - it sounds a little grimy at first. Upcycling can be done industrially or at home! It's creative!. Manufacturers can use them to build low-cost benches, decking, and more. This also reduces pollution, helping to protect. Browse 170+ upcycling logo stock illustrations and vector graphics available royalty-free, or start a new search to explore more great stock images and vector art. Here are our favourite 20 upcycling ideas from around the globe. These two terms can often be confused for one another gi. Upcycling where the product of the recycled material is of higher quality. Upcycling also supports a circular economy. If you want to go beyond recycling and have a bigger positive impact on the environment, try experimenting with upcycling and precycling. This downcycling is an essential step in the recycling process, but it does degrade the value of the materials. To downcycle an item is to repurpose it into something of lesser quality or value. It’s the process of taking a product or material that would normally be thrown away and giving it a second life in the form of a new, higher-quality product. Most recycling that people think of is considered downcycling—the process of turning high-value products into lower-value products. Existing recycling strategies for managing plastic waste are “downcycling” approaches, meaning that they produce products of lower value compared to the original plastics (or no value at all). 2. Downcycling is more like RECYCLING and RECLAIMING materials that are headed to the heap. Check out some of the strengths, weaknesses and challenges of each process and get the inspiration for adopting them into your daily life. Though less showy than upcycling, downcycling will extend the life of your garment, in turn reducing the amount of waste in the landfill. Closed-loop recycling involves recycling of a. Upcycling decreases textile waste, pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. Potting creation. The liquid used must be resistant to bacteria and other microorganisms. Contributions; Talk; Navigation9 Examples of Upcycling That’ll Make You Re-Consider How You View Junk. Upcycling and downcycling are the concepts followed by the company. , 2018), in the textiles industry (Paras & Curteza, 2018), and for chemicals and plastics (Korley et al. In this sense, the upcycled object is a kind of tribute to the object it used to be. recycling vs. They smash bricks, smash everything. Downcycling is the process of breaking down used materials into their base components, which can then. Unlike downcycling and upcycling, precycling does not really fall under the umbrella of recycling. In summary, reuse and upcycling reduce the need for recycling and are therefore great options for the environment. Get in touch with us now. Upcycling is an approach that is gaining more and more importance in today's world as it combines sustainable and creative action. Upcycling also supports a circular economy. the processing of secondary raw materials into less valuable products, e. It typically requires creativity and labor to upcycle items. Some experts argue that all recycling is downcycling, at its core. don’t always require the use of other resources to create new products. Downcycling converts these recycled materials into lesser quality products. ,. All these factors are driving a fast growth in the demand for technology innovation and facilities capable of recovering high-quality materials from CDW. This is often due to the accumulation of tramp elements in secondary metals, which may exclude the latter from high-quality. It goes from being an unwanted discard to a highly sought-after and valued piece. downcycling: What’s the difference? BakiBG/Getty Images There are so many buzzwords when it comes to sustainability, but there are key differences in a few commonly heard terms—and the impact they have on the environment. With plastic upcycling, we can turn the crisis of plastic. such that the mechanical recycling is also termed “downgrading” or “downcycling. Collecting sorting plastic, paper for recycling upcycling downcycling. Interestingly, although upcycling has existed for many years, the fashion industry has recently seen a. Traditionally textile waste recycling refers to the reprocessing of textile waste (mechanically or chemically) for use in both new textile products and non-textile products (Sandin. , Oct 24, 2023. If you’re interested in finding new ways to reuse your items instead of sending them to a landfill site, keep reading to find out more. Restyling, upcycling and repurposing are all ways of eking a bit of extra life out of a garment. Recycling is an act for many of us that requires little thought. An overview of repair cafes. ”, from Salvo News 1994) is often cited as the origin, but the concept predates. Upcycling is the reuse of materials through creative expression and labour that results in the end product being valued more highly than the materials used to create it. The reality is that recycling is a complicated process. After the dog bed wears out, the stuffing can be downcycled again into polyester yarn. The amount of time, energy, and money required for the recycling process also play an important role in the grouping of different recycled materials. UPCYCLING definition: 1. Volcanoes on the other hand pose problems due to lava streams, fires, ash falling or. Upcycle an old t-shirt into a grocery bag, jeans into a purse, or a sweater into a pillow. Upcycling vs. Where recycling converts plastic bottles into microfiber jackets, upcycling turns newsprint into notebooks, or broken skateboards into hip, colorful benches. There are so many important and essential items created. Downcycling. m. The goal of upcycling is to prevent wasting potentially useful materials by making use of existing ones. The quality decreases compared to the original product. Downcycling means the process of breaking down materials to their base form to create new products of lesser value and quality. Step 3: Identify the key points in each section. Recycling is the collecting and processing of materials that would be considered trash and using them to create new products and items. If upcycling is recycling something to have more value, downcycling is recycling to remove value. Large amounts of plastics are discarded worldwide each year, leading to a significant mass of waste in landfills and pollution to soil, air, and waterways. Downcycled textiles end up burned or in the cement industry: Most post-consumer waste textiles are still being burned or sold to the cement. Generally speaking, downcycling is breaking down the fibers of fabric to create smaller units but this is just one example. 1 clearly depicts the industrial structure of mass imports and mass exports, importing all iron. Twins Lucia and Quinn Russell of Alexandria, Virginia, discuss how to uses small bells available to buy at Up-Cycle Creative Reuse. Upcycling is the opposite of downcycling, which is the other half of the recycling process. Recycling is an umbrella term. Downcycling Downcycling means recycling the material over and over again, until it loses its quality. Textiles:If the most widespread phenomenon of recycling is to provide that a waste object is transformed to create something of equal value, when it comes to upcycling and downcycling instead, the value of the object changes. But it’s the opposite of its cousin, downcycling. The worth and quality of the new item created via the recycling process are described as upcycling and downcycling. While upcycling is generally viewed as the more sustainable route—largely because it extends the. Instead of mining or creating new raw materials, it should be possible to use recycled materials instead. Easy for consumers to participate in recycling programs. 1. Another significant difference is that recycling is usually a chemical reconstruction of the items, whereas upcycling is a total alteration that makes something totally new out of used products or waste. Plastic bags are one of the most reused things in a middle-class Indian household. Upcycling is not an issue when focusing on closing material cycles, but downcycling is an existing and complex problem. . Many packaging components can affect recyclability. Significant amounts of surplus and second-hand clothing from the developed world and large producer nations, for example China, are distributed to Africa and sold in local markets at affordable prices. When we transform a product into something which has less 2. Moreover, textile recycling can be classified into upcycling, downcycling, closed-loop, and open-loop recycling. Rectification: considered for treatment before disposal. In doing so, the finished product often. Except ‘value’ is a pretty subjective term. ecological integrity is maintained. PET/PLA) to value-added chemicals, such as 1,4-benzenedimethanol and ethylene. . Upcycling often involves Do-It-Yourself (DIY) projects. This section describes the measures taken to recover the value of the materials. g. Opportunities for Upcycling and Downcycling. Upcycling on the other hand is a process by which waste is taken in its current state, and instead of being broken down,. cascading processes, reflecting on the terms upcycling and downcycling. The amount of time, energy, and money required for the recycling process also play an important role in the grouping of different recycled materials. Join the loop. That’s where the fun starts! In a true closed-loop scenario, a company owns the materials it creates forever. Under the umbrella is downcycling and upcycling. May 12, 2015 by admin . Recycling, upcycling, downcycling. To downcycle an item is to repurpose it into something of lesser quality or value. RecommerceSo you wonder, what are downcycling and upcycling doing here? Downcycling and upcycling are actually recycling trends. Schematic illustration of upcycling and downcycling of end-of-life polymeric membranes. Online retailer Hipcycle, upcycles goods to create home decor, jewelry and fashion that are durable, affordable and fashionable. Downcycled materials can therefore only be used to make a different type of product than the original. Recycling / downcycling means that we need to process less new raw materials. and more. The circular economy principles in the building sector, performance-based building design together with downcycling and upcycling theories are applied to develop a methodology aiming to reduce the. Upcycling is an efficient way to transform plastic waste into high-value products and can significantly lessen the environmental impact of plastic production/consumption. Ideally, this should mean less need for virgin raw materials. A recyclable material is often readjusted, altered, melted. These kind of creative and innovative technology helps in avoiding. Creative Consumer . 7 g of EDC (quantified via GC, Yield C2 = 94% and Yield Cl = 97%) and 1. Upcycling and Downcycling: What’s the Difference? Downcycling. Downcycling recycles waste that cannot be made into a higher quality product in its present form. This. You can experiment with different shapes, colors. Brands such as Andrea Crews, Marine Serre, Bode, Patrick McDowell, and Christoph Rumpf are well-known names around the. The waste hierarchy suggests recovery activities which in ordinary language we call recycling and upcycling. Get in touch with us now. Other recovery: recovery of energy and recovery of other substances or materials to be used as fuels or for backfilling. But, textile-to-textile recycling accounts for the lowest recycling rate, compared to re-use, upcycling, and downcycling. The. introduced a novel regeneration technique allowing the EoL ultrafiltration membrane to regain its filtration performance following specific solvent treatment (Tian et al. If the word "recovery" is expanded to the value of the product recovered, it be fitting to describe upcycling. They smash bricks, they smash everything. Step 2: Break the text down into sections. Downcycling. Introduction The issue of abandonment of the building assets is increasingly widespread. Basically Upcycling means to raise the quality, Recycling means to keep it on the same level and downcycling means lowering the quality. Downcycling involves converting materials and products into new materials, sometimes of lesser quality. S3), applying single upcycling strategy in scenario 3 was a little more environmental-friendly than applying single downcycling strategy in scenario 2, because the process savings were offset by the increased impacts from the. Upcycling adds value to the waste materials and takes less energy to process. The term ‘upcycling’ was first used by Reiner Pilz while discussing recycling or as he named it, ‘Downcycling’ in an article by Thornton Kay of Salvo in 1994. Upcycling has several other unique benefits. Upcycling, as described above, is something we hear a lot about these days, with some people even building businesses around upcycled items. the activity of making new furniture, objects, etc. 1. Here, we propose to upcycle fouled microfiltration membranes for fabricating new high-pressure polyaChemical upcycling: Plastic packaging waste can be converted to value-added chemicals by so-called chemical upcycling. Jul 14, 2020. In many cases, the bottles may be filled with a liquid in order to improve the thermal properties of the wall. Downcycling is the process of turning something into a product of lesser value. Tweet Share Pin The key is that upcycling takes waste material and transforms it into something better and more valuable—the “up” (as in upgrade) part of “upcycling”. That is, whether it is for upcycling or downcycling in question. Both upcycling and downcycling are forms of recycling. Zero waste lifestyle. The term downcycling is often used anecdotally to describe imperfections in recycling. Upcycling and downcycling are two common words used when it comes to recycling. For example, the paper of a book will be transformed into recycled. Both upcycling and downcycling are forms of recycling. The interviews provided insights into current upcycling behaviour (e. Let’s get into it! Not all textiles are recycled the same way. Upcycling is a form of recycling that involves transforming unwanted or useless products, waste products, and byproducts into high-value and functional repurposed and upcycled products. The primary difference between the two, however, is that with upcycling, you actually increase the quality or value of the item. An overview of shipping container architecture. The difference between upcycling and downcycling. Upcycling เป็นอีกวิธีที่ช่วยลดขยะที่หลายประเทศกำลังให้ความสำคัญ ไม่ว่าจะเป็นอเมริกา ฝรั่งเศส หรือแม้แต่ประเทศไทย. Upcycling and downcycling are recycling terms that have been gaining more popularity recently. Crafty repair skills. Step 1: Read the text. Reuse This is the complete list of articles we have written about reuse. Thinking beyond downcycling. and development work on the processes capable of upcycling the waste textiles, dyes and other chemicals present in the product. Creative reuse of useless or unwanted products into new materials as a modern tendency. Medusa is a mobile life cycle stage of the Cnidaria phylum, contracting with it muscular bell. In most cases you clean the item and either add, remove or replace features to give it a longer shelf life and improve its aesthetic appeal. Upcycling, recycling, and downcycling are all related but aren’t considered equal to each other. This. Recycl-ing typically denotes the reuse of a previously processed or waste material; upgrading refersPages for logged out editors learn more. What can be recycled? Many items can be recycled including papers, aluminums, plastics and electronics. In this website, I share the best upcycle clothing ideas featuring downcycling methods using textile from existing clothing as the base material to create new garments. Upcycling As part of sustainable fashion, upcycling is anticipating and imagining new purposes for existing products and available excess materials from manufacturing. The market is expected to grow considerably in the. Upcycling is a term that sprung to life in the 90’s, but hit the mainstream in the 2000’s. The most common form of this recycling is the combustion of waste to produce energy. Chat Bubble Made of Recycled Paper on Green. Environment conservation. In such cases the product is repro- cessed into same, higher or. Downcycling is more like RECYCLING and RECLAIMING materials that are headed to the heap. Many plastic bottles and containers can never be turned. By recycling or reusing existing materials, the use of raw materials can be reduced. Visit our workshop 2410 SE 11th Avenue Portland, OR 97214 8:30am - 5pm M-F (503) 972-0168. Upcycling Prolongs the Life of Materials. The best way to understand upcycling is to compare it to downcycling. There might be a range of sustainability and eco benefits to both upcycling and downcycling, including but not limited to: – Total Resources Consumed & Inputs Used. Definition af upcycling, recycling og downcycling. During upcycling, the quality of the end material (product) is equivalent to the original material, but downcycling degrades the quality of recycled material (Ragaert et al. To downcycle an item is to repurpose it into something of lesser quality or value. Materials are reused in a clever new way, giving them a second life and function. Upcycling and downcycling involve a lot of DIY to make an item useful for other purposes. The research was. Find out here >> Upcycling, recycling, downcycling. Image source: Vogue. Green reuse symbols for ecological design. Recycling reinserts the material into the cycle. Upcycling is taking pieces of fabric that would not have been useful otherwise and making them into a dress. The difference between upcycling and recycling is really the difference between upcycling and a process known as downcycling. While we might use terms like upcycling, recycling and downcycling. The causes of this phenomenon are manifold, but the overall effect is the waste of resources and the spread of decay due to disrepair [1]. This has. Upcycling is taking pieces of fabric that would not have been useful otherwise and making them into a dress. Hipcycle. ขวดแก้ว ที่ผ่านการ Upcycling. Downcycling is the least precious, but still a profitable option for the environment. Using food waste to create compost is also a form. The upcycling of plastic wastes to realize plastics circularity is obstructed by the presence of chlorine impurities. Diy. Thanks to this, the used waste becomes more valuable and can enter the “higher circuit”. Large amounts of plastics are discarded worldwide each year, leading to a significant mass of waste in landfills and pollution to soil, air, and waterways. See full list on bettermeetsreality. Clothing Sustainability and Upcycling in Ghana. Where recycling converts plastic bottles into microfiber jackets, upcycling turns newsprint into notebooks, or broken skateboards into hip, colorful benches. Upcycling Vs. Section 5,. By understanding how recycling works, we can make smarter decisions as brand. Upcycling vs Downcycling » Shipping Container Architecture . Vector recycling, upcycling and downcycling signs, isolated on white background. The LCIA results revealed that environmental impacts across the studied categories all reduced in each recycling scenario (Fig. Put simply, upcycling is the modification of older products to produce new ones. , 2021). Adaptive Reuse . Although the environmental impacts of the downcycling process were smaller than that of the upcycling process (Fig. . Promoting an enhanced diversion of. Upcycling can also be pretty similar to recycling, in. Both upcycling and downcycling promote recyclability and reuse. To downcycle an item is to repurpose it into something of lesser quality or value. Manufacturers can use them to build low-cost benches, decking, and more. Retrieved November 23, 2023 from / releases / 2019 / 02 / 190227111210. Recent advances show that molecular ruthenium catalysts enable selective chemical upcycling of mixed plastic wastes (e. As such, upcycling can be described as the opposite of downcycling, which downgrades the value of the material and discards the work and value invested in it. When we convert discarded materials into something of equal or. The upcycling of plastic wastes to realize plastics circularity is obstructed by the presence of chlorine impurities. Continuing to drive recycling Back in 2007, the Tarmac Aerosave company was created for sustainable dismantling of commercial aircraft. You don’t need to be a. In such cases the product is repro- cessed into same, higher or. What is Downcycling Compared to Upcycling and Recycling? Downcycling, also known as cascading, is the recycling of waste where the recycled material is of lower quality and functionality than the original material. When a product is upcycled, it’s materials and parts are recycled into higher quality products. Plastics undergo different recycling strategies, predominantly categorized as upcycling (products with higher values than the corresponding plastics) or downcycling (products with lower values than the corresponding plastics) methods. Downcycling is just as useful but involves stripping down items to component parts, usually with less of an inherent value than the original item. Upcycling and downcycling have different end results: Upcycling: A form of recycling that repurposes waste, product, or materials into a substance of higher value. Both upcycling and downcycling are forms of recycling. In this sense, the upcycled object is a kind of tribute to the object it used to be. Recycling is a broad category of practices though, and it includes both upcycling and downcycling. 5. Without all three of these processes, there would be a vast amount of virgin materials being produced in order to make everyday products. Firstly, What Are Upcycling & Downcycling? We’ve provided definitions of upcycling and downcycling in this guide, and also compared upcycling and. Since the module types of EoL MF/UF membranes are not always consistent with those of NF/RO membranes, additional. Upcycling is when, instead of recycling like-for-like, a material or object is turned into a higher-value material or object from both an economic and environmental perspective. A pile of microplastics - small pieces of hard plastic on palm, intended for further processing. Upcycling vs Downcycling . Recycling is the process by which waste products are broken down to their basic materials, and remade into new products. Let’s start with some legal definition and then maybe some case law examples. In order of decreasing effectiveness are upcycling, recycling, and downcycling. The only difference is while upcycle fashion denotes an increase in value for the new product, downcycled materials and products transform into a lower value product. Upcycling (“up” and Recycling / “Reuse”) is the process of transforming waste or (apparently) useless materials into products of new value. But upcycling is even better. Upcycling can be done industrially or at home! It's creative!. Downcycling: transforming a product into an inferior one, such as grinding running shoes down to create the surface of basketball courts Upcycling: converting a product into a superior form, such as spinning single-use plastic bottles into polyester fabrics which might be worn for decades. developing upcycling and downcycling value chains with partners. Manufacturers can use them to build low-cost benches, decking, and more.